Notes and bibliography

Sources & evidence

The notes name the sources on which the text is based. As a rule, each paragraph has one note that lists all the sources of that paragraph. Verbatim quotations have a note of their own if the paragraph also uses other sources. What I myself think and conclude is not referenced; it stands on its own.

Books and articles appear in short form with author, year of publication and page. The full details are given in the bibliography. Press reports, websites, press releases, laws and court documents are listed only here, but in full.

Conversations, podcasts and debates are cited with programme, episode and date. What was said in them in English I render in my own words and in indirect speech; these are summaries, not verbatim quotations. The few verbatim quotations from English sources are given in the original language. Quotations from translated books follow the German edition cited.

The talks by Enoch Sundaram are published on YouTube. They were interpreted; what is reproduced is the German interpretation.

The online sources were accessed between autumn 2025 and October 2026. Where a page itself gives no author or no date, these details are also missing here. Addresses are given without “https://” and are linked.

The situation in artificial intelligence is changing rapidly. Figures and events reflect the state of affairs up to October 2026.

The notes themselves appear as footnotes with the chapters. Identifier: chapter and number, for example 8-12 for Chapter 8, note 12; v for the Preface.

Web note: In this online edition the notes are collected on this page and linked from the individual chapters.

Machine translation v1.0 · German original v1.0.5 · October 2026

Machine translation of the German original. In case of discrepancy, the German original is authoritative. German original

Preface

  1. 1
    Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI) 2026.
  2. 2
    Bureau of Industry and Security, “Framework for Artificial Intelligence Diffusion”, Interim Final Rule, Federal Register 90 FR 4544, 15.01.2025; U.S. Department of Commerce, “Department of Commerce Announces Rescission of Biden-Era Artificial Intelligence Diffusion Rule, Strengthens Chip-Related Export Controls”, press release of 13.05.2025; on the classification of Switzerland, Blick and AFP, January 2025; Bundesrat, communication of 14.11.2025; SRF; order of the BMWi of 04.03.2020 (Bundesanzeiger); communication of the BMG (apotheke adhoc); Bloomberg, March 2020; Blick and moneycab, March 2020; communication of the French Embassy of 29.03.2020.
  3. 3
    KMU-Portal des Bundes, interview with Matthias Stürmer, 2026; Berner Fachhochschule; ETH Zürich, EPFL and CSCS, press release “Apertus: Ein vollständig offenes, transparentes und mehrsprachiges Sprachmodell”, 02.09.2025, ethz.ch/de/news-und-veranstaltungen/eth-news/news/2025/09/medienmitteilung-apertus-ein-vollstaendig-offenes-transparentes-und-mehrsprachiges-sprachmodell.html.

Chapter 1: What We Believe When We Judge

  1. 1
    on 1.1 The same facts, different conclusionsThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Andrew McAfee.
  2. 2
    on 1.1 The same facts, different conclusionsKeller 2019, episode 1.
  3. 3
    on 1.2 No zero pointKeller 2019, episode 1.
  4. 4
    on 1.2 No zero pointKeller 2019, episode 1.
  5. 5
    on 1.2 No zero pointKeller 2019, episode 1.
  6. 6
    on 1.2 No zero pointKeller 2019, episode 1; Taylor 2009, pp. 32–35.
  7. 7
    on 1.2 No zero pointKeller 2019, episodes 1 and 4.
  8. 8
    on 1.2 No zero pointKeller 2019, episode 1.
  9. 9
    on 1.2 No zero pointKeller 2019, episode 3.
  10. 10
    on 1.3 The immanent frameTaylor 2009.
  11. 11
    on 1.3 The immanent frameTaylor 2009, p. 990; ch. 15; Smith 2014.
  12. 12
    on 1.3 The immanent frameKeller 2019, episode 1; Taylor 2009, p. 48.
  13. 13
    on 1.4 The strongest opposing viewClifford 1877; see also Andrew Chignell, “The Ethics of Belief”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (first published 14.06.2010), plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-belief/.
  14. 14
    on 1.4 The strongest opposing viewClifford 1877; see also Andrew Chignell, “The Ethics of Belief”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (first published 14.06.2010), plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-belief/; Smith 2014.
  15. 15
    on 1.5 What reason can doKeller 2019, episode 1.
  16. 16
    on 1.5 What reason can doKeller 2019, episode 7.
  17. 17
    on 1.5 What reason can doKeller 2019, episodes 1, 3 and 7.
  18. 18
    on 1.5 What reason can doKeller 2019, episode 1.
  19. 19
    on 1.6 How certain can one be?Keller 2019, episode 1.
  20. 20
    on 1.6 How certain can one be?Keller 2019, episode 7.
  21. 21
    on 1.6 How certain can one be?Keller 2019, episode 1.
  22. 22
    on 1.6 How certain can one be?Keller 2019, episode 7.
  23. 23
    on 1.6 How certain can one be?Sundaram, talk “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?”.
  24. 24
    on 1.7 What this means for machinesThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Ed Zitron; Kranzberg 1986.
  25. 25
    on 1.8 How this book proceedsMacArthur 2010; for criticism, Adelle M. Banks, Religion News Service, 01.03.2011, and Grace Evangelical Society on the meanings of doulos according to BDAG.
  26. 26
    on 1.9 Interim conclusionClifford 1877; see also Andrew Chignell, “The Ethics of Belief”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (first published 14.06.2010), plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-belief/.
  27. 27
    on 1.9 Interim conclusionKeller 2019, episodes 3 and 7.
  28. 28
    on 1.9 Interim conclusionKeller 2019, episode 1; Sundaram, talk “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?”.

Chapter 2: The Secular Age

  1. 1
    on 2.1 A question hardly anyone used to askTaylor 2007; Taylor 2009, pp. 14 f., 899.
  2. 2
    on 2.1 A question hardly anyone used to askTaylor 2009, p. 15.
  3. 3
    on 2.1 A question hardly anyone used to askLuther 1529.
  4. 4
    on 2.1 A question hardly anyone used to askTillich 1963.
  5. 5
    on 2.2 Three meanings of secularTaylor 2009, pp. 11–16, 11–13, 14.
  6. 6
    on 2.2 Three meanings of secularTaylor 2009, p. 14.
  7. 7
    on 2.2 Three meanings of secularBundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft, Preamble and Art. 72 para. 1; Kanton Basel-Stadt, Gleichstellung und Diversität, “Religion und Staat”; Christoph Winzeler, “Staatliches Religionsrecht (Religionsverfassungsrecht) der Schweiz”, IR-Paper 10, Institut für Religionsrecht, Universität Freiburg, April 2023, unifr.ch/ius/religionsrecht.
  8. 8
    on 2.2 Three meanings of secularFirst Amendment to the Constitution of the United States (1791); Thomas Jefferson, letter to the Danbury Baptist Association, 01.01.1802, according to Library of Congress, “Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists”, Information Bulletin, June 1998, loc.gov/loc/lcib/9806/danpre.html; Bundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft, Preamble and Art. 72 para. 1; Kanton Basel-Stadt, Gleichstellung und Diversität, “Religion und Staat”; Christoph Winzeler, “Staatliches Religionsrecht (Religionsverfassungsrecht) der Schweiz”, IR-Paper 10, Institut für Religionsrecht, Universität Freiburg, April 2023, unifr.ch/ius/religionsrecht.
  9. 9
    on 2.2 Three meanings of secularTaylor 2009, p. 991.
  10. 10
    on 2.3 No story of omissionTaylor 2009, pp. 17, 48, 991; Keller 2019, episode 1.
  11. 11
    on 2.3 No story of omissionTaylor 2009, pp. 41, 899 f., 1281; Smith 2014.
  12. 12
    on 2.4 The turn to the human beingTaylor 2009, p. 899.
  13. 13
    on 2.4 The turn to the human beingSmith 2014; Steve Thomason, review of Charles Taylor, A Secular Age (2013), stevethomason.net.
  14. 14
    on 2.4 The turn to the human beingKeller 2019, episode 1.
  15. 15
    on 2.5 Many possibilities, nothing self-evidentTaylor 2009, pp. 38–41.
  16. 16
    on 2.5 Many possibilities, nothing self-evidentTaylor 2009, pp. 41, 507, 508, 788.
  17. 17
    on 2.5 Many possibilities, nothing self-evidentTaylor 2009, pp. 990, 991.
  18. 18
    on 2.5 Many possibilities, nothing self-evidentTaylor 2009, ch. 17, from p. 1028; Smith 2014.
  19. 19
    on 2.6 What Keller makes of itKeller 2019, episode 1.
  20. 20
    on 2.6 What Keller makes of itTaylor 1989.
  21. 21
    on 2.7 Taylor is not neutral eitherTaylor 2009, pp. 15, 38–45; review of Taylor 2007 in The Thomist 72 (2008), no. 4, pp. 665–669; review of Taylor 2007 in America (Jesuit Review), americamagazine.org/node/129632; McLennan 2010.
  22. 22
    on 2.7 Taylor is not neutral eitherTaylor 2009, pp. 1280 f.; Smith 2014.
  23. 23
    on 2.7 Taylor is not neutral eitherTaylor 2009, p. 11; Hurd 2008.
  24. 24
    on 2.8 The strongest opposing viewHabermas/Taylor 2009; Kaltsas 2019.
  25. 25
    on 2.8 The strongest opposing viewDuden online “neutral”, “Neutrum”; Etymonline “neuter”; easyvote, background text: Neutralitätsinitiative, vote of 27 September 2026, easyvote.ch; Federal Decree of 20.03.2026 on the popular initiative “Wahrung der schweizerischen Neutralität (Neutralitätsinitiative)”, BBl 2026 799; SRF, 27.05.2026; NZZ, Tages-Anzeiger and Luzerner Zeitung, 27.09.2026 (final federal result 70.2 per cent No).
  26. 26
    on 2.9 And the machine?Doshi/Hauser 2024; Espenlaub et al. 2026, episode 1.
  27. 27
    on 2.10 Interim conclusionTaylor 2009, pp. 14 f., 991.
  28. 28
    on 2.10 Interim conclusionTaylor 2009, pp. 48, 1281.
  29. 29
    on 2.10 Interim conclusionKeller 2019, episode 1.
  30. 30
    on 2.10 Interim conclusionKeller 2019, episode 1; Taylor 1989.
  31. 31
    on 2.10 Interim conclusionTaylor 2009, pp. 15, 1280 f.; review of Taylor 2007 in The Thomist 72 (2008), no. 4, pp. 665–669; review of Taylor 2007 in America (Jesuit Review), americamagazine.org/node/129632.
  32. 32
    on 2.10 Interim conclusionHabermas/Taylor 2009.
  33. 33
    on 2.10 Interim conclusionLuther 1529; Tillich 1963.
  34. 34
    on 2.10 Interim conclusionDoshi/Hauser 2024.
  35. 35
    on 2.11 ConclusionTrevor Noah, Afraid of the Dark, Netflix 2017, routine “How the British Took Over India”.
  36. 36
    on 2.11 ConclusionPromptfoo, “1,156 Questions Censored by DeepSeek”, January 2025, promptfoo.dev/blog/deepseek-censorship; reported by Ars Technica, “The questions the Chinese government doesn't want DeepSeek AI to answer”, January 2025, arstechnica.com/ai/2025/01/the-questions-the-chinese-government-doesnt-want-deepseek-ai-to-answer/; Emily Spatz, “Khoury researchers find political censorship in Chinese AI model … and explain how to get around it”, Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, 10.09.2025, khoury.northeastern.edu; Naseh et al. 2025; Cyberspace Administration of China et al., Interim Measures for the Administration of Generative AI Services (Order No. 15), issued on 10.07.2023, in force since 15.08.2023, Art. 4 no. 1; English translation: China Law Translate, 13.07.2023, and China Aerospace Studies Institute (Air University), 07.08.2023.
  37. 37
    on 2.11 ConclusionTye 1998; Marlboro Man (Leo Burnett, from 1954/55); The Coca-Cola Company, “‘Open Happiness’ and Enjoy Life's Simple Pleasures with Coca-Cola”, press release of 21.01.2009, investors.coca-colacompany.com; Mastercard, “Priceless”, McCann-Erickson, from October 1997, according to WARC (Encyclopedia of Major Marketing Campaigns, 2007) and The Drum, 31.03.2016, thedrum.com.

Chapter 3: Body, Brain, Mind

  1. 1
    on 3.1 What is the mind?Duden online, “Geist, der” (Verstand), origin; Etymonline, entries “spirit”, “ghost” (based on Barnhart and OED).
  2. 2
    on 3.1 What is the mind?Ryle 1949; Etymonline, entries “spirit”, “ghost” (based on Barnhart and OED).
  3. 3
    on 3.2 A human being in three partsSundaram, talk “Gottes Ebenbild verstehen”.
  4. 4
    on 3.2 A human being in three partsSundaram, talks “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?” and “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?”.
  5. 5
    on 3.3 The heart and the assumptionsKeller 2019, episode 3.
  6. 6
    on 3.3 The heart and the assumptionsKeller 2019, episodes 1 and 4.
  7. 7
    on 3.4 The porous and the buffered selfTaylor 2009, pp. 899, 900.
  8. 8
    on 3.5 The naturalist viewDaniel Stoljar, “Physicalism”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (first published 2001), plato.stanford.edu/entries/physicalism/.
  9. 9
    on 3.5 The naturalist viewButlin et al. 2023; David Cole, “The Chinese Room Argument”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (first published 19.03.2004, revised 23.10.2024), plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-room/, with Searle 1980 and 1999.
  10. 10
    on 3.6 What brain research showsSundaram, talk “Gottes Ebenbild verstehen”; Nobelversammlung am Karolinska-Institut, press release of 09.10.2000 on the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000, nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2000/7617-pressemitteilung-den-nobelpreis-des-jahres-2000-in-physiologie-oder-medizin/; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), communication on the Nobel Prize to Eric Kandel, hhmi.org/node/1884; Columbia University, “Eric Kandel Awarded Nobel Prize in Medicine”, 09.10.2000, cuimc.columbia.edu.
  11. 11
    on 3.6 What brain research showsSundaram, talk “Gottes Ebenbild verstehen”.
  12. 12
    on 3.6 What brain research showsSundaram, talk “Gottes Ebenbild verstehen”; Petrik/Encinas 2019; Lima/Gomes-Leal 2019; Paredes et al. 2018.
  13. 13
    on 3.7 What is untenableSundaram, talks “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?” and “Gottes Ebenbild verstehen”; “Bull@$#*%”, film review of “What the Bleep!? Down the Rabbit Hole”, Westword, westword.com/?p=40682398; Dispenza 2007; Zheng/Meister 2025.
  14. 14
    on 3.7 What is untenableSundaram, talk “Wie kann Jesus im Herzenstempel wohnen?”; Tseng/Poppenk 2020.
  15. 15
    on 3.7 What is untenableSundaram, talks “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?” and “Wie kann Jesus im Herzenstempel wohnen?”; Paul Rosch, American Institute of Stress, quoted in DailyGood, 24.04.2002, dailygood.org/2002/04/24/.
  16. 16
    on 3.8 Body and soul work togetherLevenson 2019.
  17. 17
    on 3.8 Body and soul work togetherSundaram, conversation with Rajat Chauhan, podcast “Miles of Meaning”.
  18. 18
    on 3.10 Interim conclusionSundaram, talk “Gottes Ebenbild verstehen”; Keller 2019, episode 3; Taylor 2009, p. 899 f.; Daniel Stoljar, “Physicalism”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (first published 2001), plato.stanford.edu/entries/physicalism/.
  19. 19
    on 3.10 Interim conclusionNobelversammlung am Karolinska-Institut, press release of 09.10.2000 on the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000, nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2000/7617-pressemitteilung-den-nobelpreis-des-jahres-2000-in-physiologie-oder-medizin/; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), communication on the Nobel Prize to Eric Kandel, hhmi.org/node/1884; Columbia University, “Eric Kandel Awarded Nobel Prize in Medicine”, 09.10.2000, cuimc.columbia.edu.
  20. 20
    on 3.10 Interim conclusion“Bull@$#*%”, film review of “What the Bleep!? Down the Rabbit Hole”, Westword, westword.com/?p=40682398; Dispenza 2007; Zheng/Meister 2025; Tseng/Poppenk 2020; Paul Rosch, American Institute of Stress, quoted in DailyGood, 24.04.2002, dailygood.org/2002/04/24/.
  21. 21
    on 3.10 Interim conclusionLevenson 2019.

Chapter 4: Consciousness, the Subconscious

  1. 1
    on 4.2 Programs in the heartSundaram, talk “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?”.
  2. 2
    on 4.2 Programs in the heartSundaram, talks “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?” and “Wie kann Jesus im Herzenstempel wohnen?”.
  3. 3
    on 4.2 Programs in the heartSundaram, talk “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?”.
  4. 4
    on 4.3 Assumptions and scriptsKeller 2019, episodes 1 and 4.
  5. 5
    on 4.3 Assumptions and scriptsKeller 2019, episode 3.
  6. 6
    on 4.3 Assumptions and scriptsSundaram, talk “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?”; Keller 2019, episode 1.
  7. 7
    on 4.4 What research showsZheng/Meister 2025.
  8. 8
    on 4.4 What research showsLeDoux 2014; “Redefining Fear”, APS Observer (Association for Psychological Science), report on Joseph E. LeDoux, psychologicalscience.org/observer/redefining-fear; Joseph E. LeDoux, “The Amygdala Is Not the Brain's Fear Center”, blog “I Got a Mind to Tell You”, Psychology Today, August 2015, psychologytoday.com/us/blog/i-got-mind-tell-you/201508/the-amygdala-is-not-the-brains-fear-center.
  9. 9
    on 4.5 The heart is not the same as the subconsciousSundaram, talks “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?” and “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”.
  10. 10
    on 4.6 Predictable?Sundaram, talks “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”, “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?” and “Wie kann Jesus im Herzenstempel wohnen?”.
  11. 11
    on 4.7 And the machine?Kahneman 2011.
  12. 12
    on 4.7 And the machine?Kahneman 2011; Baars 1988.
  13. 13
    on 4.7 And the machine?Butlin et al. 2023; David Cole, “The Chinese Room Argument”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (first published 19.03.2004, revised 23.10.2024), plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-room/, with Searle 1980 and 1999; The Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Ed Zitron.
  14. 14
    on 4.7 And the machine?Sundaram, talk “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?”.
  15. 15
    on 4.7 And the machine?Hosang 2026 (Liebeserklärung an das Handy).
  16. 16
    on 4.8 Interim conclusionSundaram, talk “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?”; Keller 2019, episode 1; Zheng/Meister 2025; LeDoux 2014.
  17. 17
    on 4.8 Interim conclusionSundaram, talk “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?”.
  18. 18
    on 4.8 Interim conclusionSundaram, talk “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”.
  19. 19
    on 4.8 Interim conclusionButlin et al. 2023; The Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Ed Zitron.
  20. 20
    on 4.9 ConclusionNisbett/Wilson 1977; Chen et al. 2025.

Chapter 5: Conscience, Reason, Will

  1. 1
    on 5.1 Who examines before we act?Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch, “Gewissen” (wissen.de).
  2. 2
    on 5.1 Who examines before we act?Stoellger 2015.
  3. 3
    on 5.1 Who examines before we act?Duden online, “Vernunft”, origin.
  4. 4
    on 5.2 The conscience that does not justifyKeller 2019, episode 4.
  5. 5
    on 5.2 The conscience that does not justifyKeller 2019, episode 5.
  6. 6
    on 5.2 The conscience that does not justifyKeller 2019, episode 5.
  7. 7
    on 5.3 Conscience as a receiving organSundaram, talk “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”.
  8. 8
    on 5.3 Conscience as a receiving organSundaram, talk “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”.
  9. 9
    on 5.3 Conscience as a receiving organSundaram, talk “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?”.
  10. 10
    on 5.3 Conscience as a receiving organSundaram, talk “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?”.
  11. 11
    on 5.3 Conscience as a receiving organSundaram, talks “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?” and “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”.
  12. 12
    on 5.4 Conscience firstNewman 1875.
  13. 13
    on 5.4 Conscience first“St. John Henry Newman's unique approach to conscience”, America (Jesuit Review), 30.10.2025, americamagazine.org/faith-and-reason/2025/10/30/st-john-henry-newmans-unique-approach-to-conscience/; “Benedict XVI and Newman. United by conscience”, Agensir (Servizio Informazione Religiosa), archivio.agensir.it/?p=9810.
  14. 14
    on 5.6 What reason can doKeller 2019, episode 1.
  15. 15
    on 5.6 What reason can doSundaram, talks “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?” and “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?”.
  16. 16
    on 5.7 Feeling as a fool?Sundaram, talks “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”, “Wie kann Jesus im Herzenstempel wohnen?” and “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?”.
  17. 17
    on 5.7 Feeling as a fool?Sundaram, talk “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”.
  18. 18
    on 5.7 Feeling as a fool?Sundaram, talks “Gottes Ebenbild verstehen” and “Wie kann Jesus im Herzenstempel wohnen?”.
  19. 19
    on 5.8 What research saysDunn et al. 2006; Morandín-Ahuerma 2019; Maia/McClelland 2004; Reimann/Bechara 2010.
  20. 20
    on 5.8 What research saysDunn et al. 2006; Maia/McClelland 2004; Colombetti 2008; Morandín-Ahuerma 2019.
  21. 21
    on 5.8 What research saysLeDoux 2014; “Redefining Fear”, APS Observer (Association for Psychological Science), report on Joseph E. LeDoux, psychologicalscience.org/observer/redefining-fear; Joseph E. LeDoux, “The Amygdala Is Not the Brain's Fear Center”, blog “I Got a Mind to Tell You”, Psychology Today, August 2015, psychologytoday.com/us/blog/i-got-mind-tell-you/201508/the-amygdala-is-not-the-brains-fear-center.
  22. 22
    on 5.9 Choice and willSundaram, talk “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”.
  23. 23
    on 5.9 Choice and willSundaram, talks “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?” and “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”.
  24. 24
    on 5.10 What this means for a world with machinesKrügel et al. 2023.
  25. 25
    on 5.10 What this means for a world with machinesKosmyna et al. 2025; Stanković et al. 2025.
  26. 26
    on 5.10 What this means for a world with machinesParasuraman/Manzey 2010.
  27. 27
    on 5.11 Interim conclusionKeller 2019, episode 1; Sundaram, talk “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?”.
  28. 28
    on 5.11 Interim conclusionDunn et al. 2006; Maia/McClelland 2004; Colombetti 2008; Reimann/Bechara 2010; Morandín-Ahuerma 2019; Joseph E. LeDoux, “The Amygdala Is Not the Brain's Fear Center”, blog “I Got a Mind to Tell You”, Psychology Today, August 2015, psychologytoday.com/us/blog/i-got-mind-tell-you/201508/the-amygdala-is-not-the-brains-fear-center.
  29. 29
    on 5.11 Interim conclusionSundaram, talk “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”.
  30. 30
    on 5.11 Interim conclusionKrügel et al. 2023; Kosmyna et al. 2025.
  31. 31
    on 5.12 ConclusionBandura 1999.
  32. 32
    on 5.12 ConclusionCullather 1999; Bernays 1928; Salvi et al. 2025.
  33. 33
    on 5.12 ConclusionDeppe/Schaal 2024; Militär Aktuell, “Bundesheer: Symposium ‘Kognitiv – Kriegsführung, Sicherheit und Resilienz’” (symposium on 09.04.2025, Rossauer-Kaserne, Wien), militaeraktuell.at/kognitiv-kriegsfuehrung-sicherheit-resilienz/; Militär Aktuell, report on the talk by Oberst dG Bernhard Schulyok at the Theresian Military Academic Forum (TMAF), Wiener Neustadt, militaeraktuell.at/?p=134501; Tögel 2023; Stockwell et al. 2024.

Chapter 6: Soul, Person, Dignity

  1. 1
    on 6.1 A word that carries everythingPfeifer, Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (1989), “Seele”, quoted from Springer 1997 (Die “künstliche Seele”); cf. Etymonline “soul” (Barnhart, Klein); Anatoly Liberman, OUP Blog 2022 (origin unknown).
  2. 2
    on 6.1 A word that carries everythingDuden online “Psyche” (Greek psychḗ = waft of air, breath); Peter-Arnold Mumm, Susanne Richter, “Die Etymologie von griechisch psyche”, International Journal of Diachronic Linguistics 5 (2008).
  3. 3
    on 6.2 Dignity that does not have to be earnedKeller 2019, episode 6.
  4. 4
    on 6.2 Dignity that does not have to be earnedKeller 2019, episodes 3 and 6.
  5. 5
    on 6.2 Dignity that does not have to be earnedKeller 2019, episode 6.
  6. 6
    on 6.3 A human being in three partsSundaram, talks “Gottes Ebenbild verstehen”, “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?” and “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”.
  7. 7
    on 6.3 A human being in three partsUte Neumann-Gorsolke, “Gottebenbildlichkeit (AT)”, WiBiLex (bibelwissenschaft.de/stichwort/19892); Bernd Janowski, Die lebendige Statue Gottes (2004); Boyo Ockinga, Die Gottebenbildlichkeit im Alten Ägypten und im Alten Testament (1984); teaching material, RPI Loccum and Bildungsserver RLP (summaries).
  8. 8
    on 6.3 A human being in three partsSundaram, talk “Wie kann Jesus im Herzenstempel wohnen?”; Keller 2019, episode 6.
  9. 9
    on 6.4 The opposing view: dignity from propertiesSinger 1979.
  10. 10
    on 6.5 Who remains when everything changes?Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Personal identity”, britannica.com/topic/personal-identity; Reid on Memory and Personal Identity, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  11. 11
    on 6.5 Who remains when everything changes?Sundaram, talk “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”; Keller 2019, episode 7.
  12. 12
    on 6.5 Who remains when everything changes?Sundaram, talk “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”.
  13. 13
    on 6.6 Biography and mortalityAristoteles, Nikomachische Ethik.
  14. 14
    on 6.6 Biography and mortalityRichard Shapcott, “Phronesis, Ethics and Realism”, E-International Relations, 07.02.2013, e-ir.info/2013/02/07/phronesis-ethics-and-realism/; Keller 2019, episode 7; Sundaram, talk “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”.
  15. 15
    on 6.6 Biography and mortalityThe Diary Of A CEO, conversation with Geoffrey Hinton, 16.06.2025.
  16. 16
    on 6.6 Biography and mortalityThe Diary Of A CEO, conversation with Geoffrey Hinton, 16.06.2025.
  17. 17
    on 6.7 Five meanings of soulKeller 2019, episodes 3 and 7.
  18. 18
    on 6.7 Five meanings of soulSundaram, talks “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?” and “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”.
  19. 19
    on 6.7 Five meanings of soulHarari 2020; Harari 2017.
  20. 20
    on 6.8 The individual and the wholeThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by a participant, presumably Roman Yampolskiy.
  21. 21
    on 6.8 The individual and the wholeKeller 2019, episode 3; Sundaram, talk “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”.
  22. 22
    on 6.9 Interim conclusionKeller 2019, episodes 3 and 6; Singer 1979.
  23. 23
    on 6.9 Interim conclusionKeller 2019, episode 6; Sundaram, talk “Wie kann Jesus im Herzenstempel wohnen?”.
  24. 24
    on 6.9 Interim conclusionEncyclopaedia Britannica, “Personal identity”, britannica.com/topic/personal-identity; Reid on Memory and Personal Identity, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  25. 25
    on 6.10 ConclusionSusanne Wagner, “Der Storchenhorst”, Planet Wissen, planet-wissen.de/natur/voegel/stoerche/pwiederstorchenhorst100.html; Bezirksamt Lichtenberg, “Weißstorch (Ciconia ciconia)”, berlin.de; NABU, Weißstorch, nabu.de/tiere-und-pflanzen/voegel/artenschutz/weissstorch/27727.html; Best et al. 2013; Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, WiBiLex, entry “Leben / naefaesch (AT)” (November 2020), bibelwissenschaft.de/stichwort/80314; cf. Bernd Janowski, “Von der Kehle zur Seele”, Evangelische Theologie 82 (2022), 176–188; Hans Walter Wolff, Anthropologie des Alten Testaments.
  26. 26
    on 6.10 ConclusionDeutsche Bibelgesellschaft, WiBiLex, entry “Leben / naefaesch (AT)” (November 2020), bibelwissenschaft.de/stichwort/80314; cf. Bernd Janowski, “Von der Kehle zur Seele”, Evangelische Theologie 82 (2022), 176–188; Hans Walter Wolff, Anthropologie des Alten Testaments.
  27. 27
    on 6.10 ConclusionAristoteles, Nikomachische Ethik.
  28. 28
    on 6.10 ConclusionEinstein 1936.

Chapter 7: Intelligence, Prudence, Wisdom

  1. 1
    on 7.1 Four words that are confusedDuden online “intelligent”; Etymonline “intelligence”; Kluge 2011, “klug”; Etymonline “sapience”, “sapient”.
  2. 2
    on 7.2 CapabilityThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Andrew McAfee; The Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, moderation by Steven Bartlett.
  3. 3
    on 7.2 CapabilityThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Ed Zitron.
  4. 4
    on 7.2 CapabilityThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Andrew McAfee.
  5. 5
    on 7.3 IntelligenceLegg/Hutter 2007.
  6. 6
    on 7.3 IntelligenceChollet 2019.
  7. 7
    on 7.3 IntelligenceThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contributions by Nate Soares and Roman Yampolskiy.
  8. 8
    on 7.3 IntelligenceKwa et al. 2025; Glenn Zorpette, “Large Language Models Are Improving Exponentially”, IEEE Spectrum, 2025, spectrum.ieee.org/large-language-model-performance.
  9. 9
    on 7.4 PrudenceAristoteles, Nikomachische Ethik; Jagannathan 2024.
  10. 10
    on 7.4 PrudenceRichard Shapcott, “Phronesis, Ethics and Realism”, E-International Relations, 07.02.2013, e-ir.info/2013/02/07/phronesis-ethics-and-realism/.
  11. 11
    on 7.4 PrudenceKeller 2019, episode 6.
  12. 12
    on 7.5 CompassionKeller 2019, episode 3.
  13. 13
    on 7.5 CompassionButlin et al. 2023.
  14. 14
    on 7.5 CompassionSundaram, talk “Gottes Ebenbild verstehen”.
  15. 15
    on 7.6 WisdomKeller 2019, episode 3; Haidt 2006, pp. 81 f., 82, 87.
  16. 16
    on 7.6 WisdomHaidt 2006, pp. 82, 84–86, 94, 105 f.
  17. 17
    on 7.6 WisdomKeller 2019, episode 3; Sundaram, talk “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”.
  18. 18
    on 7.6 WisdomHaidt 2006, pp. 141, 144–148, 149–153.
  19. 19
    on 7.6 WisdomHaidt 2006, pp. 152 f., 153.
  20. 20
    on 7.8 The opposing viewButlin et al. 2023; Legg/Hutter 2007.
  21. 21
    on 7.8 The opposing viewGreenblatt et al. 2024.
  22. 22
    on 7.9 Interim conclusionThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Ed Zitron; Chollet 2019.
  23. 23
    on 7.9 Interim conclusionLegg/Hutter 2007.
  24. 24
    on 7.9 Interim conclusionAristoteles, Nikomachische Ethik; Richard Shapcott, “Phronesis, Ethics and Realism”, E-International Relations, 07.02.2013, e-ir.info/2013/02/07/phronesis-ethics-and-realism/; Keller 2019, episode 3.
  25. 25
    on 7.9 Interim conclusionGlenn Zorpette, “Large Language Models Are Improving Exponentially”, IEEE Spectrum, 2025, spectrum.ieee.org/large-language-model-performance.
  26. 26
    on 7.10 ConclusionDuden online “dumm”; Etymonline “dumb” (following OED).
  27. 27
    on 7.10 ConclusionBrown-Driver-Briggs, entry H3374 jir'ah; N. J. Schaser, “What Does ‘Fear’ Mean in Hebrew?”, Israel Bible Center, magazine.israelbiblecenter.com/what-does-fear-mean-in-hebrew.
  28. 28
    on 7.10 ConclusionAxios, “Trump orders AI rebrand as ‘super intelligence’”, 22.09.2026, axios.com/2026/09/22/trump-ai-super-intelligence-rebrand; AFP (via ARY News), “Trump renames AI ‘super intelligence’ as leaders jostle over dangers”, 23.09.2026.

Chapter 8: What a Machine Is

  1. 1
    on 8.1 What these machines doThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Andrew McAfee; The Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, moderated by Steven Bartlett.
  2. 2
    on 8.1 What these machines doOmdia, report on humanoid robot shipments 2025, January 2026, according to South China Morning Post, “Chinese firms outpace US rivals in 2025 humanoid robot shipments, as AgiBot takes lead”, scmp.com (AgiBot 5168, Unitree 4200 units; Unitree itself: over 5500); on Figure at BMW in Spartanburg: communication by Brett Adcock, 2025; 1X Technologies, pre-order of NEO at 20,000 dollars, 28.10.2025, according to The Robot Report, 30.10.2025, therobotreport.com.
  3. 3
    on 8.1 What these machines doEtymonline “computer”, “compute”; Etymonline “machine”, “mechano-”.
  4. 4
    on 8.1 What these machines doKwa et al. 2025.
  5. 5
    on 8.1 What these machines doThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Ed Zitron.
  6. 6
    on 8.2 What “intelligent” is supposed to meanLegg/Hutter 2007; Chollet 2019.
  7. 7
    on 8.2 What “intelligent” is supposed to meanThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Nate Soares.
  8. 8
    on 8.2 What “intelligent” is supposed to meanThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Roman Yampolskiy.
  9. 9
    on 8.3 Images in both directionsSundaram, talks “Gottes Ebenbild verstehen”, “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?” and “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?”.
  10. 10
    on 8.3 Images in both directionsThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contributions by Roman Yampolskiy, Nate Soares and Ed Zitron.
  11. 11
    on 8.4 The functionalist answerDaniel Stoljar, “Physicalism”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (first published 2001), plato.stanford.edu/entries/physicalism/.
  12. 12
    on 8.4 The functionalist answerButlin et al. 2023.
  13. 13
    on 8.4 The functionalist answerThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Ed Zitron.
  14. 14
    on 8.4 The functionalist answerGreenblatt et al. 2024.
  15. 15
    on 8.5 The objection from the roomDavid Cole, “The Chinese Room Argument”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (first published 19.03.2004, revised 23.10.2024), plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-room/, with Searle 1980 and 1999.
  16. 16
    on 8.5 The objection from the roomDavid Cole, “The Chinese Room Argument”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (first published 19.03.2004, revised 23.10.2024), plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-room/, with Searle 1980 and 1999.
  17. 17
    on 8.6 The distinction of faithKeller 2019, episodes 3 and 6.
  18. 18
    on 8.6 The distinction of faithSundaram, talk “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”.
  19. 19
    on 8.7 The charge of speciesismEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 1; Isaacson 2023.
  20. 20
    on 8.7 The charge of speciesismSinger 1979.
  21. 21
    on 8.7 The charge of speciesismNitasha Tiku, “The Google engineer who thinks the company's AI has come to life”, Washington Post, 11.06.2022, washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/06/11/google-ai-lamda-blake-lemoine/; on the dismissal on 22.07.2022: Reuters, “Google fires software engineer who claimed its AI chatbot is sentient”, 23.07.2022 (via Euronews); Alex Kantrowitz, Big Technology, 22.07.2022; “In Saudi Arabia, female robot gets rights, real women restricted”, Times of Israel, October 2017, timesofisrael.com/in-saudi-arabia-female-robot-gets-rights-while-real-women-restricted/; Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB), “Saudi Arabia Grants Citizenship to a Robot, Drawing Attention to Enduring Gender Inequalities”, December 2017, adhrb.org.
  22. 22
    on 8.8 The machine as mythThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contributions by Ed Zitron and Nate Soares; Musk 2014.
  23. 23
    on 8.8 The machine as mythEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 1; Otto 1917.
  24. 24
    on 8.8 The machine as mythMark Harris, “Inside the First Church of Artificial Intelligence”, Wired, 15.11.2017, wired.com/story/anthony-levandowski-artificial-intelligence-religion/; on the dissolution: The Verge, “Ex-Google engineer Anthony Levandowski has closed his artificial intelligence church”, 19.02.2021, theverge.com/2021/2/19/22291769/anthony-levandowski-church-closed-artificial-intelligence-waymo-uber; on the revival: Jackie Davalos and Nate Lanxon, Bloomberg, November 2023 (series AI IRL), Spanish version Bloomberg Línea, 25.11.2023, bloomberglinea.com/2023/11/25/anthony-levandowski-reinicia-la-iglesia-de-la-inteligencia-artificial/.
  25. 25
    on 8.8 The machine as mythThe Diary Of A CEO, conversation with John Lennox, 04.06.2026.
  26. 26
    on 8.9 Body and finitudeThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, moderated by Steven Bartlett; Aristoteles, Nikomachische Ethik; Richard Shapcott, “Phronesis, Ethics and Realism”, E-International Relations, 07.02.2013, e-ir.info/2013/02/07/phronesis-ethics-and-realism/.
  27. 27
    on 8.10 When human beings take machines for moreSatoshi Sugiyama and Kim Kyung-Hoon, “AI romance blooms as Japan woman weds virtual partner of her dreams”, Reuters, 17.12.2025 (ceremony on 27.10.2025 in Okayama); Euronews, 18.12.2025; on Akihiko Kondo: AFP, “Crazy in love? The Japanese man ‘married’ to a hologram”, 12.11.2018 (via Arab News); on the life-size figure: Kondo in conversation with Orato World, 12.06.2024, orato.world; Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, “World premiere: Alicia Framis marries AI-hologram Ailex”, press release, boijmans.pr.co (wedding on 09.11.2024 in the Depot); Upstream Gallery, “Alicia Framis announces her new pioneering AI performance series ‘The Hybrid Couple’”, upstreamgallery.nl; reports on Rosanna Ramos and Replika, 2023.
  28. 28
    on 8.10 When human beings take machines for moreThe Diary Of A CEO, conversation with Stuart Russell, 04.12.2025; Mustafa Suleyman, “We must build AI for people; not to be a person. Seemingly Conscious AI is Coming”, 19.08.2025, mustafa-suleyman.ai/seemingly-conscious-ai-is-coming; Anthropic, “Claude Opus 4 and 4.1 can now end a rare subset of conversations”, 15.08.2025, anthropic.com/research/end-subset-conversations; Colombatto/Fleming 2024; Weizenbaum 1976.
  29. 29
    on 8.11 When algorithms ruleAutoriteit Persoonsgegevens, decision imposing a fine on the Ministry of Finance (Belastingdienst) of 2.75 million euros, decision of 25.11.2021, announced on 07.12.2021; see also Pinsent Masons (Out-Law), “Dutch tax authority handed record fine for discriminatory data processing”, 13.12.2021, pinsentmasons.com; parliamentary committee of inquiry, report “Ongekend onrecht”, December 2020; resignation of the Rutte III cabinet on 15.01.2021; Royal Commission into the Robodebt Scheme 2023; Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry, Final Report, Volume 1, 08.07.2025; see also The Register, “Post Office and Fujitsu execs ‘should have known’ Horizon IT system was flawed”, 08.07.2025, theregister.com/2025/07/08/post_office_horizon_inquiry/; Post Office (Horizon System) Offences Act 2024.
  30. 30
    on 8.12 A disclosureThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Ed Zitron.
  31. 31
    on 8.13 Interim conclusionButlin et al. 2023; The Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Ed Zitron.
  32. 32
    on 8.13 Interim conclusionLegg/Hutter 2007; Chollet 2019.
  33. 33
    on 8.13 Interim conclusionDavid Cole, “The Chinese Room Argument”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (first published 19.03.2004, revised 23.10.2024), plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-room/, with Searle 1980 and 1999.
  34. 34
    on 8.13 Interim conclusionSatoshi Sugiyama and Kim Kyung-Hoon, “AI romance blooms as Japan woman weds virtual partner of her dreams”, Reuters, 17.12.2025 (ceremony on 27.10.2025 in Okayama); Euronews, 18.12.2025; on Akihiko Kondo: AFP, “Crazy in love? The Japanese man ‘married’ to a hologram”, 12.11.2018 (via Arab News); on the life-size figure: Kondo in conversation with Orato World, 12.06.2024, orato.world; Mustafa Suleyman, “We must build AI for people; not to be a person. Seemingly Conscious AI is Coming”, 19.08.2025, mustafa-suleyman.ai/seemingly-conscious-ai-is-coming; Anthropic, “Claude Opus 4 and 4.1 can now end a rare subset of conversations”, 15.08.2025, anthropic.com/research/end-subset-conversations; Colombatto/Fleming 2024; The Diary Of A CEO, conversation with Stuart Russell, 04.12.2025.
  35. 35
    on 8.13 Interim conclusionAutoriteit Persoonsgegevens, decision imposing a fine on the Ministry of Finance (Belastingdienst) of 2.75 million euros, decision of 25.11.2021, announced on 07.12.2021; see also Pinsent Masons (Out-Law), “Dutch tax authority handed record fine for discriminatory data processing”, 13.12.2021, pinsentmasons.com; parliamentary committee of inquiry, report “Ongekend onrecht”, December 2020; resignation of the Rutte III cabinet on 15.01.2021; Royal Commission into the Robodebt Scheme 2023; Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry, Final Report, Volume 1, 08.07.2025; see also The Register, “Post Office and Fujitsu execs ‘should have known’ Horizon IT system was flawed”, 08.07.2025, theregister.com/2025/07/08/post_office_horizon_inquiry/; Post Office (Horizon System) Offences Act 2024.
  36. 36
    on 8.14 ConclusionActon 1887; Bundesbrief von 1291, Staatsarchiv Schwyz (Bundesbriefmuseum); Bundesverwaltung, “Bundesbrief von 1291”, admin.ch/de/bundesbrief-von-1291; German translation according to Universität Zürich, Rechtswissenschaftliches Institut (teaching material “Reich und Kirche”); OECD 2015.

Chapter 9: Superintelligence and Autonomy

  1. 1
    on 9.1 An incident and four interpretationsThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026 (excerpt); Shortform, summary of the episode “AI Debate: Ed Zitron, Andrew McAfee, Nate Soares, Roman Yampolskiy”, The Diary Of A CEO, 17.09.2026, shortform.com; The Diary Of A CEO Clips, “KI-Experte schlägt Alarm: Ihr seid nicht bereit für 2027”, YouTube, 29.09.2026.
  2. 2
    on 9.1 An incident and four interpretationsThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Andrew McAfee; The Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026 (excerpt), cross-check E4a.
  3. 3
    on 9.1 An incident and four interpretationsThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contributions by Andrew McAfee, Nate Soares and Ed Zitron.
  4. 4
    on 9.1 An incident and four interpretationsThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Andrew McAfee.
  5. 5
    on 9.2 The scenarioThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Roman Yampolskiy.
  6. 6
    on 9.2 The scenarioThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Roman Yampolskiy.
  7. 7
    on 9.2 The scenarioThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contributions by Roman Yampolskiy and Nate Soares.
  8. 8
    on 9.2 The scenarioThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Roman Yampolskiy.
  9. 9
    on 9.3 What of this is well foundedThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Roman Yampolskiy.
  10. 10
    on 9.3 What of this is well foundedYampolskiy 2022.
  11. 11
    on 9.3 What of this is well foundedYampolskiy 2022.
  12. 12
    on 9.3 What of this is well foundedThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contributions by Andrew McAfee and Ed Zitron.
  13. 13
    on 9.4 Two new indications from researchGreenblatt et al. 2024; The Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Nate Soares.
  14. 14
    on 9.4 Two new indications from researchKwa et al. 2025; Glenn Zorpette, “Large Language Models Are Improving Exponentially”, IEEE Spectrum, 2025, spectrum.ieee.org/large-language-model-performance.
  15. 15
    on 9.5 Fear as a founding motiveEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 1; Elon Musk, post on Twitter, 03.08.2014: “Worth reading Superintelligence by Bostrom. We need to be super careful with AI. Potentially more dangerous than nukes.”; reported by CNBC, “AI potentially ‘more dangerous than nukes,’ Musk warns”, 04.08.2014, cnbc.com/2014/08/04/ai-potentially-more-dangerous-than-nukes-musk-warns.html; Devin Coldewey, “Anthropic is the new AI research outfit from OpenAI's Dario Amodei, and it has $124M to burn”, TechCrunch, 28.05.2021.
  16. 16
    on 9.6 The individual and the wholeThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Ed Zitron; Garcia v. Character Technologies et al., complaint of 22.10.2024, U.S. District Court, Orlando (Florida), reported by WUSF, 25.10.2024, wusf.org/courts-law/2024-10-25/orlando-mother-sues-character-ai-platform-role-son-death-suicide; Raine v. OpenAI et al., complaint of 26.08.2025, Superior Court San Francisco, reported by NBC News; AP, “NAACP files intent to sue Elon Musk's xAI company over Memphis supercomputer air pollution”, 17.06.2025 (via PBS NewsHour, pbs.org); NCRC, “South Memphis Residents Skeptical of Musk's xAI Economic Growth Claims as Pollution Concerns Grow”, ncrc.org; Southern Environmental Law Center, “xAI built an illegal power plant to power its data center”, 14.04.2026, selc.org.
  17. 17
    on 9.6 The individual and the wholeThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Roman Yampolskiy.
  18. 18
    on 9.6 The individual and the wholeKeller 2019, episode 3; Sundaram, talk “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”.
  19. 19
    on 9.6 The individual and the wholeThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Nate Soares.
  20. 20
    on 9.7 Control on a small scaleAI Act Blog, explanation of Art. 14 of the AI Act, aiactblog.nl/en/ai-act/artikel/14; Presencis, “Article 14 Human Oversight”, presencis.com/regulations/eu-ai-act/conformity/article-14-human-oversight.
  21. 21
    on 9.7 Control on a small scaleParasuraman/Manzey 2010; Matthias 2004; Santoni de Sio/Mecacci 2021.
  22. 22
    on 9.8 Who decides?The Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Ed Zitron.
  23. 23
    on 9.8 Who decides?Thaler/Sunstein 2008; Facebook, statement of April 2018 (up to 87 million affected); settlement with the FTC, July 2019 (ABC News, 24.07.2019; Reuters); Elizabeth Denham, Information Commissioner, letter to the Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee of the House of Commons of 02.10.2020, committees.parliament.uk/publications/2848.
  24. 24
    on 9.9 Interim conclusionYampolskiy 2022.
  25. 25
    on 9.9 Interim conclusionThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Andrew McAfee; Greenblatt et al. 2024.
  26. 26
    on 9.9 Interim conclusionKwa et al. 2025.
  27. 27
    on 9.9 Interim conclusionThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Roman Yampolskiy.
  28. 28
    on 9.9 Interim conclusionAI Act Blog, explanation of Art. 14 of the AI Act, aiactblog.nl/en/ai-act/artikel/14; Parasuraman/Manzey 2010; Santoni de Sio/Mecacci 2021.
  29. 29
    on 9.9 Interim conclusionEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 1; Devin Coldewey, “Anthropic is the new AI research outfit from OpenAI's Dario Amodei, and it has $124M to burn”, TechCrunch, 28.05.2021.
  30. 30
    on 9.9 Interim conclusionThaler/Sunstein 2008; Facebook, statement of April 2018 (up to 87 million affected); settlement with the FTC, July 2019 (ABC News, 24.07.2019; Reuters); Elizabeth Denham, Information Commissioner, letter to the Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee of the House of Commons of 02.10.2020, committees.parliament.uk/publications/2848.
  31. 31
    on 9.10 ConclusionEtymonline “love”, “lief”, “leave” (German edition); Pokorny, Indo-European Lexicon (UT Austin) *leubh-; Lewis 1960; WiBiLex, entry “Liebe / Liebesgebot (AT)”, bibelwissenschaft.de/stichwort/24991/; entry “Gnade/Güte – ḥæsæd”.
  32. 32
    on 9.10 ConclusionAnthropic 2025.
  33. 33
    on 9.10 ConclusionLinder et al. 2009; Linder 2017; Verordnung (EU) 2024/1689 (KI-Verordnung), ABl. L of 12.07.2024.

Chapter 10: Exponential Development

  1. 1
    on 10.1 A word that frightensThe Diary Of A CEO Clips, “KI-Experte schlägt Alarm: Ihr seid nicht bereit für 2027”, YouTube, 29.09.2026.
  2. 2
    on 10.1 A word that frightensFAO, Food Outlook, November 2025, and Cereal Supply and Demand Brief (world rice production 2025/26 around 556 to 563 million t); author's calculation: 2^63 grains of around 20 to 25 mg each give around 185 to 230 billion t, i.e. around 330 to 410 annual harvests; “Beginnt die Corona-Kurve in der Schweiz abzuflachen?”, Blick, March 2020, blick.ch (doubling of confirmed cases roughly every four days, then slowing); Science Media Center Germany, Corona daily reports March 2020, media.sciencemediacenter.de.
  3. 3
    on 10.1 A word that frightensThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contributions by Roman Yampolskiy and Nate Soares.
  4. 4
    on 10.1 A word that frightensGraphic “1. KI-Technologie, exponentielles Wachstum”, own illustration.
  5. 5
    on 10.1 A word that frightensStango/Zinman 2009.
  6. 6
    on 10.2 What is measuredEpoch AI, trends and research overview on computing power, algorithmic progress and data, epoch.ai/research.
  7. 7
    on 10.2 What is measuredKwa et al. 2025; METR 2026 (Time Horizon 1.1); METR 2026 (Frontier Risk Report).
  8. 8
    on 10.3 What the figures do not sayOrd 2025.
  9. 9
    on 10.3 What the figures do not sayGlenn Zorpette, “Large Language Models Are Improving Exponentially”, IEEE Spectrum, 2025, spectrum.ieee.org/large-language-model-performance.
  10. 10
    on 10.3 What the figures do not sayCapital and Compute, “METR Time Horizon”, capitalandcompute.net/ai-benchmarks/metr-time-horizon; Kwa et al. 2025.
  11. 11
    on 10.4 What slows it downEpoch AI, trends and research overview on computing power, algorithmic progress and data, epoch.ai/research; Associated Press on the data study by Epoch AI, PBS NewsHour, 2024, pbs.org/newshour.
  12. 12
    on 10.4 What slows it downInternational Energy Agency 2025; International Energy Agency 2026.
  13. 13
    on 10.5 The rejoinderThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Roman Yampolskiy.
  14. 14
    on 10.5 The rejoinderThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Andrew McAfee.
  15. 15
    on 10.7 Interim conclusionKwa et al. 2025; Epoch AI, trends and research overview on computing power, algorithmic progress and data, epoch.ai/research; METR 2026 (Time Horizon 1.1).
  16. 16
    on 10.7 Interim conclusionGlenn Zorpette, “Large Language Models Are Improving Exponentially”, IEEE Spectrum, 2025, spectrum.ieee.org/large-language-model-performance; Capital and Compute, “METR Time Horizon”, capitalandcompute.net/ai-benchmarks/metr-time-horizon; Ord 2025.
  17. 17
    on 10.7 Interim conclusionEpoch AI, trends and research overview on computing power, algorithmic progress and data, epoch.ai/research; Associated Press on the data study by Epoch AI, PBS NewsHour, 2024, pbs.org/newshour; International Energy Agency 2025; The Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Roman Yampolskiy.
  18. 18
    on 10.8 ConclusionBloomberg, “Waymo Co-CEO Outlines Path to 1 Million Weekly Trips in 2026”, via Claims Journal, 12.02.2026, claimsjournal.com/news/national/2026/02/12/335668.htm; Kirsten Korosec, “Waymo's skyrocketing ridership in one chart”, TechCrunch, 27.03.2026, techcrunch.com/2026/03/27/waymo-skyrocketing-ridership-in-one-chart/ (50,000 paid rides per week in May 2024, 500,000 in March 2026); International Federation of Robotics 2025.
  19. 19
    on 10.8 ConclusionThe Diary Of A CEO, conversation with Stuart Russell, 04.12.2025.
  20. 20
    on 10.8 ConclusionJahoda et al. 1933; Frankl, Ärztliche Seelsorge; Case/Deaton 2020.
  21. 21
    on 10.8 ConclusionElsworth et al. 2025; International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) 2021; International Energy Agency 2026.

Chapter 11: What a Decision Is

  1. 1
    on 11.2 Understanding, believing, actingSundaram, talks “Gottes Ebenbild verstehen”, “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?” and “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?”.
  2. 2
    on 11.2 Understanding, believing, actingKeller 2019, episode 1.
  3. 3
    on 11.2 Understanding, believing, actingEtymonline “answer”, “respond”, “responsible”; Joachim Schummer, “Ethics of Chemical Synthesis”, HYLE 7 (2001), n. 4; Samantha Besson, “From ‘Respondere’ to ‘Responsibility’” (Cambridge 2022).
  4. 4
    on 11.3 Three ways of speaking of responsibilityEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 1.
  5. 5
    on 11.3 Three ways of speaking of responsibilityThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contributions by Roman Yampolskiy and Ed Zitron.
  6. 6
    on 11.4 The responsibility gapMatthias 2004.
  7. 7
    on 11.4 The responsibility gapCelsus, Digesten 50,17,185; Art. 12 para. 3 StGB; Art. 56 para. 1 OR; Kantonsgericht St. Gallen, BO.2016.8; Bundesgesetz über die Produktehaftpflicht (PrHG), Art. 1; Richtlinie (EU) 2024/2853 vom 23.10.2024 über die Haftung für fehlerhafte Produkte, ABl. L of 18.11.2024.
  8. 8
    on 11.4 The responsibility gapSantoni de Sio/Mecacci 2021.
  9. 9
    on 11.5 The human in the loopParasuraman/Manzey 2010.
  10. 10
    on 11.5 The human in the loopThe Diary Of A CEO, conversation with Geoffrey Hinton, 16.06.2025.
  11. 11
    on 11.5 The human in the loopHosang 2026 (Solange wir noch sprechen können), ch. 4.
  12. 12
    on 11.6 Speed and condensationKwa et al. 2025.
  13. 13
    on 11.7 What the law requiresAI Act Blog, commentary on Art. 14 of the AI Regulation, aiactblog.nl/en/ai-act/artikel/14; Presencis, “Article 14 Human Oversight”, presencis.com/regulations/eu-ai-act/conformity/article-14-human-oversight.
  14. 14
    on 11.7 What the law requiresBundesrat, press release of 12.02.2025, “KI-Regulierung: Bundesrat will Konvention des Europarats ratifizieren”; BAKOM and Bundeskanzlei, pages “Künstliche Intelligenz” and “Regulierung”; AlgorithmWatch CH; Executive Order 14179, January 2025; Executive Order “Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence”, 11.12.2025 (White House fact sheet, via American Presidency Project, presidency.ucsb.edu); on the more than 1000 state bills of 2025: National Conference of State Legislatures, via Sidley Austin, “Unpacking the December 11, 2025 Executive Order”, 23.12.2025, datamatters.sidley.com; Cyberspace Administration of China et al., Vorläufige Massnahmen zur Verwaltung generativer KI-Dienste, 2023; Cyberspace Administration of China, Ministerium für Industrie und Informationstechnologie, Ministerium für öffentliche Sicherheit and Nationale Radio- und Fernsehverwaltung, Massnahmen zur Kennzeichnung KI-erzeugter synthetischer Inhalte, published March 2025, in force since 01.09.2025; see also Loeb & Loeb, “China's AI-Labeling Measures and Mandatory National Standards Take Effect September 1”, March 2025, loeb.com.
  15. 15
    on 11.9 Interim conclusionSundaram, talks “Gottes Ebenbild verstehen” and “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”; Keller 2019, episode 1.
  16. 16
    on 11.9 Interim conclusionEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 1; The Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Roman Yampolskiy.
  17. 17
    on 11.9 Interim conclusionMatthias 2004; Santoni de Sio/Mecacci 2021.
  18. 18
    on 11.9 Interim conclusionKwa et al. 2025.
  19. 19
    on 11.9 Interim conclusionParasuraman/Manzey 2010.
  20. 20
    on 11.9 Interim conclusionAI Act Blog, commentary on Art. 14 of the AI Regulation, aiactblog.nl/en/ai-act/artikel/14; Presencis, “Article 14 Human Oversight”, presencis.com/regulations/eu-ai-act/conformity/article-14-human-oversight.
  21. 21
    on 11.10 ConclusionJonas 1979.
  22. 22
    on 11.10 ConclusionWillink/Babin 2015.
  23. 23
    on 11.10 ConclusionM. Mayer, “Grüninger, Paul”, Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (version 2004); in addition Yad Vashem, Justice for Captain Paul Grüninger.
  24. 24
    on 11.10 ConclusionBonhoeffer 1992, p. 276, quoted from Schliesser 2023.
  25. 25
    on 11.10 ConclusionBonhoeffer 1992; Schliesser 2023; Puffer 2019.

Chapter 12: Decision Culture

  1. 1
    on 12.1 Where the bottleneck liesToyama 2015.
  2. 2
    on 12.1 Where the bottleneck liesDavid 1990; MIT Project NANDA 2025.
  3. 3
    on 12.2 When clever groups decide badlyJanis 1972; Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Groupthink”, britannica.com/technology/groupthink.
  4. 4
    on 12.2 When clever groups decide badlyJanis 1972; Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Groupthink”, britannica.com/technology/groupthink.
  5. 5
    on 12.2 When clever groups decide badlyJanis 1972; Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Groupthink”, britannica.com/technology/groupthink.
  6. 6
    on 12.2 When clever groups decide badlyJanis 1972; Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Groupthink”, britannica.com/technology/groupthink.
  7. 7
    on 12.2 When clever groups decide badlyStasser/Titus 1985; Sunstein/Hastie 2015.
  8. 8
    on 12.2 When clever groups decide badlyRogers-Kommission 1986; U.S. House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure 2020; Paul et al. 2021.
  9. 9
    on 12.3 Who dares to disagree?Edmondson 1999.
  10. 10
    on 12.3 Who dares to disagree?Edmondson 1999.
  11. 11
    on 12.3 Who dares to disagree?Edmondson 1996; Google re:Work, “Guide: Understand team effectiveness” (Project Aristotle), rework.withgoogle.com/intl/en/guides/understand-team-effectiveness; Subsecretaría de Aviación Civil 1978; Haynes et al. 2009.
  12. 12
    on 12.4 What the machine brings into a cultureParasuraman/Manzey 2010.
  13. 13
    on 12.5 When organisations forgetMartin de Holan/Phillips 2004.
  14. 14
    on 12.5 When organisations forgetGovernment Accountability Office 2009; Columbia Accident Investigation Board 2003.
  15. 15
    on 12.5 When organisations forgetBureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses (BEA) 2009.
  16. 16
    on 12.5 When organisations forgetU.S. Army 1993; NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS), presentation May 2017, NTRS 20170010289, ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20170010289; ASRS, CALLBACK No. 555 (50 years of ASRS, in operation since 15.04.1976), asrs.arc.nasa.gov/publications/callback/cb_555.html; Stiftung Patientensicherheit Schweiz, CIRRNET (Critical Incident Reporting & Reacting NETwork), since 2006; Stiftung Patientensicherheit Schweiz, report “Ausweitung des CIRRNET auf weitere Versorgungssektoren”, Zürich, June 2022, bag.admin.ch; Michael Nygard, “Documenting Architecture Decisions”, 15.11.2011, cognitect.com/blog/2011/11/15/documenting-architecture-decisions.
  17. 17
    on 12.5 When organisations forgetFischhoff 1975.
  18. 18
    on 12.7 The opposing viewKranzberg 1986.
  19. 19
    on 12.7 The opposing viewUrbach et al. 2014.
  20. 20
    on 12.8 Interim conclusionToyama 2015; David 1990; MIT Project NANDA 2025.
  21. 21
    on 12.8 Interim conclusionJanis 1972; Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Groupthink”, britannica.com/technology/groupthink; Stasser/Titus 1985; Sunstein/Hastie 2015; Rogers-Kommission 1986; U.S. House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure 2020; Paul et al. 2021.
  22. 22
    on 12.8 Interim conclusionEdmondson 1999; Edmondson 1996; Google re:Work, “Guide: Understand team effectiveness” (Project Aristotle), rework.withgoogle.com/intl/en/guides/understand-team-effectiveness; Subsecretaría de Aviación Civil 1978; Haynes et al. 2009.
  23. 23
    on 12.8 Interim conclusionMartin de Holan/Phillips 2004; Government Accountability Office 2009; Columbia Accident Investigation Board 2003; Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses (BEA) 2009; U.S. Army 1993; NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS), presentation May 2017, NTRS 20170010289, ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20170010289; ASRS, CALLBACK No. 555 (50 years of ASRS, in operation since 15.04.1976), asrs.arc.nasa.gov/publications/callback/cb_555.html; Stiftung Patientensicherheit Schweiz, CIRRNET (Critical Incident Reporting & Reacting NETwork), since 2006; Stiftung Patientensicherheit Schweiz, report “Ausweitung des CIRRNET auf weitere Versorgungssektoren”, Zürich, June 2022, bag.admin.ch; Michael Nygard, “Documenting Architecture Decisions”, 15.11.2011, cognitect.com/blog/2011/11/15/documenting-architecture-decisions; Fischhoff 1975.
  24. 24
    on 12.8 Interim conclusionUrbach et al. 2014.
  25. 25
    on 12.9 ConclusionHosang 2026 (Solange wir noch sprechen können), ch. 2.
  26. 26
    on 12.9 ConclusionGallup 2015.

Chapter 13: Morality, Rules, Alignment

  1. 1
    on 13.1 Where obligation comes fromAristoteles, Nikomachische Ethik.
  2. 2
    on 13.1 Where obligation comes fromGraham et al. 2011.
  3. 3
    on 13.1 Where obligation comes fromKeller 2019, episode 5.
  4. 4
    on 13.1 Where obligation comes fromKeller 2019, episode 5; MacIntyre 1981.
  5. 5
    on 13.1 Where obligation comes fromKeller 2019, episode 5.
  6. 6
    on 13.2 Two secular answersParfit 2017; Suikkanen 2017.
  7. 7
    on 13.2 Two secular answersKettner 2011.
  8. 8
    on 13.2 Two secular answersDiscourse Ethics, SAGE Encyclopedia of Case Study Research; Kettner 2011.
  9. 9
    on 13.3 Rule and inner dispositionKeller 2019, episode 5.
  10. 10
    on 13.3 Rule and inner dispositionSmith 2014; Taylor 2009, chs. 17 and 18.
  11. 11
    on 13.3 Rule and inner dispositionSundaram, talk “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”.
  12. 12
    on 13.3 Rule and inner dispositionNewman 1875; “St. John Henry Newman's unique approach to conscience”, America (Jesuit Review), 30.10.2025, americamagazine.org/faith-and-reason/2025/10/30/st-john-henry-newmans-unique-approach-to-conscience/; “Benedict XVI and Newman. United by conscience”, Agensir (Servizio Informazione Religiosa), archivio.agensir.it/?p=9810.
  13. 13
    on 13.3 Rule and inner dispositionKant 1785; Weber 1919.
  14. 14
    on 13.4 Four levels and the question of motivationKeller 2019, episodes 5 and 7.
  15. 15
    on 13.5 What alignment meansThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Roman Yampolskiy.
  16. 16
    on 13.5 What alignment meansThe Diary Of A CEO, conversation with Stuart Russell, 04.12.2025.
  17. 17
    on 13.5 What alignment meansThe Diary Of A CEO, conversation with Stuart Russell, 04.12.2025.
  18. 18
    on 13.5 What alignment meansBai et al. 2022.
  19. 19
    on 13.5 What alignment meansThe Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Ed Zitron.
  20. 20
    on 13.6 Rule-following without inner disposition?Greenblatt et al. 2024.
  21. 21
    on 13.7 Law as an external orderAI Act Blog, explanation of Art. 14 of the AI Act, aiactblog.nl/en/ai-act/artikel/14; Presencis, “Article 14 Human Oversight”, presencis.com/regulations/eu-ai-act/conformity/article-14-human-oversight.
  22. 22
    on 13.7 Law as an external orderParasuraman/Manzey 2010; Santoni de Sio/Mecacci 2021.
  23. 23
    on 13.8 Whose values?Keller 2019, episode 6.
  24. 24
    on 13.8 Whose values?Kranzberg 1986.
  25. 25
    on 13.8 Whose values?Habermas/Taylor 2009.
  26. 26
    on 13.10 Interim conclusionKeller 2019, episode 5; Suikkanen 2017; Kettner 2011.
  27. 27
    on 13.10 Interim conclusionKeller 2019, episode 7; Greenblatt et al. 2024.
  28. 28
    on 13.10 Interim conclusionKranzberg 1986.
  29. 29
    on 13.10 Interim conclusionThe Diary Of A CEO, conversation with Stuart Russell, 04.12.2025.
  30. 30
    on 13.11 ConclusionDeutsche Bibelgesellschaft, WiBiLex “Pikuach Nefesch” (2009); Babylonischer Talmud, Joma 85b, Sanhedrin 74a; Steinsaltz Center, “Saving a Life”.

Chapter 14: Power and Technology Companies

  1. 1
    on 14.1 Who decides which machine comes into being?Espenlaub et al. 2026, episode 1.
  2. 2
    on 14.2 A founding out of fearEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 1.
  3. 3
    on 14.2 A founding out of fearEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 1.
  4. 4
    on 14.2 A founding out of fearEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 1.
  5. 5
    on 14.3 The testEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 4.
  6. 6
    on 14.3 The testEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 4.
  7. 7
    on 14.3 The testEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 4.
  8. 8
    on 14.3 The testEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 4.
  9. 9
    on 14.4 From the founding to its present formOpenAI, “Our structure”, version after 28.10.2025, openai.com/our-structure; Digital Music News, “OpenAI restructures into for-profit company”, 28.10.2025, digitalmusicnews.com; Espenlaub et al. 2026, episode 1.
  10. 10
    on 14.4 From the founding to its present formEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 1.
  11. 11
    on 14.5 Power todayInternational Energy Agency 2026; The Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Ed Zitron.
  12. 12
    on 14.5 Power todayPromptfoo, “1,156 Questions Censored by DeepSeek”, January 2025, promptfoo.dev/blog/deepseek-censorship; reported by Ars Technica, “The questions the Chinese government doesn't want DeepSeek AI to answer”, January 2025, arstechnica.com/ai/2025/01/the-questions-the-chinese-government-doesnt-want-deepseek-ai-to-answer/; Emily Spatz, “Khoury researchers find political censorship in Chinese AI model … and explain how to get around it”, Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, 10.09.2025, khoury.northeastern.edu; Bai et al. 2022.
  13. 13
    on 14.5 Power todayStaatsrat der Volksrepublik China, New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan, published on 20.07.2017; English translation: Graham Webster, Rogier Creemers, Paul Triolo and Elsa Kania, DigiChina (New America / Stanford), digichina.stanford.edu; on the fall in Nvidia's share price on 27.01.2025, Bloomberg, “Nvidia's $589 Billion DeepSeek Rout Is Largest in Market History”, 27.01.2025, and Reuters (according to LSEG, 593 billion dollars), 27.01.2025; Wladimir Putin, open lesson at the start of the school year, Jaroslawl, 01.09.2017; reported by CNN, 01.09.2017, edition.cnn.com/2017/09/01/world/putin-artificial-intelligence-will-rule-world/index.html, and AP; G42, OpenAI, Oracle, NVIDIA, SoftBank and Cisco, “Global Tech Alliance Launches Stargate UAE”, press release of 22.05.2025 (PR Newswire; WAM, wam.ae); on the leadership of G42 by Sheikh Tahnoon bin Zayed and on Humain (Public Investment Fund, founded 12.05.2025): Bloomberg, 12.05.2025; MEED, 13.05.2025; Mistral AI, company information; Europäische Kommission, “EU launches InvestAI initiative to mobilise €200 billion of investment in artificial intelligence”, press release of 11.02.2025, digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu; ETH Zürich, EPFL and CSCS, press release “Apertus: Ein vollständig offenes, transparentes und mehrsprachiges Sprachmodell”, 02.09.2025, ethz.ch/de/news-und-veranstaltungen/eth-news/news/2025/09/medienmitteilung-apertus-ein-vollstaendig-offenes-transparentes-und-mehrsprachiges-sprachmodell.html.
  14. 14
    on 14.5 Power todayThe Diary Of A CEO, conversation with Stuart Russell, 04.12.2025; Future of Life Institute, “Statement on Superintelligence”, 22.10.2025, superintelligence-statement.org.
  15. 15
    on 14.6 Design is not neutralKranzberg 1986; Schatzberg/Vinsel 2018.
  16. 16
    on 14.6 Design is not neutralHosang 2026 (Liebeserklärung an das Handy).
  17. 17
    on 14.6 Design is not neutralHosang 2026 (Liebeserklärung an das Handy).
  18. 18
    on 14.6 Design is not neutralEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 5.
  19. 19
    on 14.6 Design is not neutralHosang 2026 (Solange wir noch sprechen können), ch. 10.
  20. 20
    on 14.7 The opposing viewEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 1; The Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Nate Soares.
  21. 21
    on 14.7 The opposing viewEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 6.
  22. 22
    on 14.8 When fear turns into violenceEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 1.
  23. 23
    on 14.9 How does one recognise a genuine mission?Espenlaub et al. 2026, episode 6; Sam Altman, “Successful people”, blog, 2013, blog.samaltman.com/successful-people.
  24. 24
    on 14.11 Interim conclusionEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 1; Staatsrat der Volksrepublik China, New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan, published on 20.07.2017; English translation: Graham Webster, Rogier Creemers, Paul Triolo and Elsa Kania, DigiChina (New America / Stanford), digichina.stanford.edu; on the fall in Nvidia's share price on 27.01.2025, Bloomberg, “Nvidia's $589 Billion DeepSeek Rout Is Largest in Market History”, 27.01.2025, and Reuters (according to LSEG, 593 billion dollars), 27.01.2025; Wladimir Putin, open lesson at the start of the school year, Jaroslawl, 01.09.2017; reported by CNN, 01.09.2017, edition.cnn.com/2017/09/01/world/putin-artificial-intelligence-will-rule-world/index.html, and AP; G42, OpenAI, Oracle, NVIDIA, SoftBank and Cisco, “Global Tech Alliance Launches Stargate UAE”, press release of 22.05.2025 (PR Newswire; WAM, wam.ae); on the leadership of G42 by Sheikh Tahnoon bin Zayed and on Humain (Public Investment Fund, founded 12.05.2025): Bloomberg, 12.05.2025; MEED, 13.05.2025; Mistral AI, company information; Europäische Kommission, “EU launches InvestAI initiative to mobilise €200 billion of investment in artificial intelligence”, press release of 11.02.2025, digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu; Future of Life Institute, “Statement on Superintelligence”, 22.10.2025, superintelligence-statement.org; The Diary Of A CEO, conversation with Stuart Russell, 04.12.2025.
  25. 25
    on 14.11 Interim conclusionEspenlaub et al. 2026, episodes 1 and 4.
  26. 26
    on 14.11 Interim conclusionInternational Energy Agency 2026; The Diary Of A CEO, debate of 17.09.2026, contribution by Ed Zitron; Promptfoo, “1,156 Questions Censored by DeepSeek”, January 2025, promptfoo.dev/blog/deepseek-censorship; reported by Ars Technica, “The questions the Chinese government doesn't want DeepSeek AI to answer”, January 2025, arstechnica.com/ai/2025/01/the-questions-the-chinese-government-doesnt-want-deepseek-ai-to-answer/.
  27. 27
    on 14.11 Interim conclusionKranzberg 1986; Hosang 2026 (Liebeserklärung an das Handy); Espenlaub et al. 2026, episode 5.
  28. 28
    on 14.11 Interim conclusionEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 6.
  29. 29
    on 14.11 Interim conclusionEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 1.
  30. 30
    on 14.12 ConclusionBundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft vom 18. April 1999, SR 101, preamble, fedlex.admin.ch/eli/oc/1999/404/de.

Chapter 15: Hope, Meaning, Transcendence

  1. 1
    on 15.1 What for?Keller 2019, episode 2.
  2. 2
    on 15.1 What for?Keller 2019, episode 7.
  3. 3
    on 15.2 A meaning from outsideKeller 2019, episode 2.
  4. 4
    on 15.2 A meaning from outsideKeller 2019, episode 3.
  5. 5
    on 15.2 A meaning from outsideKeller 2019, episode 7.
  6. 6
    on 15.3 Another image of continued existenceSundaram, talk “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”.
  7. 7
    on 15.4 Meaning without a beyondKeller 2019, episodes 2 and 7.
  8. 8
    on 15.4 Meaning without a beyondHistorisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie, art. “Humanismus”; Nietzsche, KSA 12; Humanists International, “Declaration of Modern Humanism” (Amsterdam Declaration 2022), humanists.international/policy/declaration-of-modern-humanism/.
  9. 9
    on 15.4 Meaning without a beyondCamus 1942.
  10. 10
    on 15.5 The experience of fullnessTaylor 2009, pp. 18, 19, 20–21.
  11. 11
    on 15.5 The experience of fullnessTaylor 2009, pp. 22–25, 23, 991.
  12. 12
    on 15.6 What hope brings aboutVanderWeele et al. 2016; Harvard Gazette, “Church attendance may lower suicide risk in women”, 2016, news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/newsplus/church-attendance-may-lower-suicide-risk-in-women/; study: VanderWeele et al. 2016.
  13. 13
    on 15.6 What hope brings aboutKelly et al. 2020.
  14. 14
    on 15.6 What hope brings aboutFrankl 1946.
  15. 15
    on 15.6 What hope brings aboutKeller 2019, episode 2; Frankl 1946.
  16. 16
    on 15.6 What hope brings aboutRichter 1957.
  17. 17
    on 15.6 What hope brings aboutKeller 2019, episodes 3 and 7.
  18. 18
    on 15.7 The projection objectionKeller 2019, episode 7.
  19. 19
    on 15.8 Technology as hopeEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 1.
  20. 20
    on 15.8 Technology as hopeThe Diary Of A CEO, conversation with Mo Gawdat, 03.10.2026.
  21. 21
    on 15.8 Technology as hopeThe Diary Of A CEO, conversation with Mo Gawdat, 03.10.2026.
  22. 22
    on 15.8 Technology as hopeThe Diary Of A CEO, conversation with John Lennox, 04.06.2026; Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Neuen Testament, art. “hamartano”.
  23. 23
    on 15.9 Interim conclusionKeller 2019, episodes 2 and 7.
  24. 24
    on 15.9 Interim conclusionKeller 2019, episode 2; Humanists International, “Declaration of Modern Humanism” (Amsterdam Declaration 2022), humanists.international/policy/declaration-of-modern-humanism/; Camus 1942.
  25. 25
    on 15.9 Interim conclusionVanderWeele et al. 2016; Kelly et al. 2020; Richter 1957; Frankl 1946.
  26. 26
    on 15.9 Interim conclusionKeller 2019, episode 7.
  27. 27
    on 15.9 Interim conclusionTaylor 2009, pp. 18–25.
  28. 28
    on 15.10 ConclusionKluge 2011, “wahr”; Liddell/Scott 1940, “aletheia”; WiBiLex, entries “Wahrheit (AT)” and “Glaube (AT)”, bibelwissenschaft.de.
  29. 29
    on 15.10 ConclusionUppsala University, “UCDP: record number of conflicts between states”, press release of 09.06.2026, uu.se/en/press/press-releases/2026/2026-06-09-ucdp-record-number-of-conflicts-between-states; Davies et al. 2026.

Chapter 16: Open Questions and Core Theses

  1. 1
    on 16.1 At the end of the journeyHartl 2021.
  2. 2
    on 16.4 What remains disputedEspenlaub et al. 2026, episode 1; Sundaram, talk “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?”.
  3. 3
    on 16.4 What remains disputedSundaram, talk “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?”; Keller 2019, episode 1.
  4. 4
    on 16.4 What remains disputedJonas 1979.
  5. 5
    on 16.4 What remains disputedOrben/Przybylski 2019.
  6. 6
    on 16.5 What remains openKeynes 1930.
  7. 7
    on 16.5 What remains openWaldinger/Schulz 2023.
  8. 8
    on 16.6 Where I standHosang 2026 (Solange wir noch sprechen können), ch. 11.

Bibliography

Books and articles

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  • Aristoteles: Nikomachische Ethik.
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  • Bai, Yuntao et al.: “Constitutional AI. Harmlessness from AI Feedback”. Anthropic 2022. arXiv:2212.08073.
  • Bandura, Albert: “Moral Disengagement in the Perpetration of Inhumanities”. In: Personality and Social Psychology Review 3 (1999), pp. 193–209.
  • Bandura, Albert: Moral Disengagement. How People Do Harm and Live with Themselves. New York: Worth Publishers 2016.
  • Bentham, Jeremy: An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. London: T. Payne and Son 1789.
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Books and articles: No author given

  • Review of Charles Taylor, A Secular Age. In: The Thomist 72 (2008), no. 4, pp. 665–669. doi.org/10.1353/tho.2008.0005.

Reports and studies

  • Anthropic: “Agentic Misalignment. How LLMs Could Be Insider Threats”. June 2025. Preprint, arXiv 2510.05179.
  • Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses (BEA): Final Report on the accident on 1st June 2009 to the Airbus A330-203, flight AF 447. July 2012.
  • Columbia Accident Investigation Board: Report. Vol. I. August 2003.
  • Chen, Yanda; Benton, Joe et al. (Anthropic): “Reasoning Models Don't Always Say What They Think”. April 2025. arXiv:2505.05410.
  • Paul, Weiss et al.: Credit Suisse Group Special Committee of the Board of Directors. Report on Archegos Capital Management. 29.07.2021.
  • Davies, Shawn; Pettersson, Therése; Öberg, Magnus: “Organized violence 1989–2025, and violent political protests”. In: Journal of Peace Research 63 (2026), no. 4, pp. 705–723.
  • Elsworth, Cooper et al. (Google): “Measuring the environmental impact of delivering AI at Google Scale”. 21.08.2025. arXiv:2508.15734.
  • Gallup: State of the American Manager. 2015.
  • Government Accountability Office: Nuclear Weapons. NNSA and DOD Need to More Effectively Manage the Stockpile Life Extension Program. GAO-09-385. Washington, D.C., March 2009.
  • International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT): A global comparison of the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of combustion engine and electric passenger cars. July 2021.
  • International Energy Agency: Energy and AI. April 2025.
  • International Energy Agency: Key Questions on Energy and AI. April 2026.
  • International Federation of Robotics: World Robotics 2025. 2025.
  • METR: Time Horizon 1.1. 29.01.2026. metr.org/blog/2026-1-29-time-horizon-1-1 (accessed on 06.10.2026).
  • METR: Frontier Risk Report (February to March 2026). 19.05.2026. metr.org/blog/2026-05-19-frontier-risk-report (accessed on 06.10.2026).
  • MIT Project NANDA: The GenAI Divide. State of AI in Business 2025. July 2025.
  • NATO Allied Command Transformation: Cognitive Warfare Exploratory Concept. 2023.
  • OECD: Measuring and Monitoring BEPS, Action 11 – 2015 Final Report. OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project. Paris: OECD Publishing 2015.
  • OpenAI: AI and Covert Influence Operations: Latest Trends. May 2024 (published 30.05.2024).
  • Royal Commission into the Robodebt Scheme: Report. 07.07.2023.
  • Report of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident (Rogers Commission). 1986.
  • Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI): AI Index Report 2026.
  • Stockwell, Sam et al.: AI-Enabled Influence Operations: Safeguarding Future Elections. CETaS Research Report. London: The Alan Turing Institute, Centre for Emerging Technology and Security 2024.
  • Subsecretaría de Aviación Civil, Comisión de Accidentes (Spain): Report on the collision of KLM 4805 and Pan Am 1736, Tenerife, 27.03.1977, October 1978. In: ICAO Circular 153-AN/56, pp. 22–68. Netherlands Aviation Safety Board: Final Report and Comments of the Netherlands Aviation Safety Board of the Investigation into the Accident with the Collision of KLM Flight 4805 and Pan American Flight 1736 at Tenerife Airport, Spain, on March 27 1977. 1979.
  • U.S. Army: A Leader's Guide to After-Action Reviews. TC 25-20. 1993.
  • U.S. House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure: Final Committee Report. The Design, Development & Certification of the Boeing 737 MAX. September 2020.

Dictionaries and reference works

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  • Duden online. duden.de.
  • Online Etymology Dictionary (Etymonline), ed. by Douglas Harper. etymonline.com.
  • Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz. hls-dhs-dss.ch.
  • Kittel, Gerhard; Friedrich, Gerhard (eds.): Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Neuen Testament. 10 vols. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 1933–1979.
  • Kluge, Friedrich: Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. Revised by Elmar Seebold. 25th edition. Berlin, Boston: de Gruyter 2011.
  • Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert: A Greek-English Lexicon. Ninth edition, revised by Henry Stuart Jones and Roderick McKenzie. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1940.
  • Mills, Albert J.; Durepos, Gabrielle; Wiebe, Elden (eds.): Encyclopedia of Case Study Research. 2 vols. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE 2010.
  • Pfeifer, Wolfgang et al.: Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag 1989. Online (based on the 2nd edition 1993): dwds.de.
  • Pokorny, Julius: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Vol. 1. Bern, München: Francke 1959. Online version University of Texas at Austin.
  • Ritter, Joachim; Gründer, Karlfried; Gabriel, Gottfried (eds.): Historisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie. 13 vols. Basel: Schwabe 1971–2007.
  • Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. plato.stanford.edu.
  • Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch. wissen.de.
  • Das wissenschaftliche Bibellexikon im Internet (WiBiLex). Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. bibelwissenschaft.de.

Conversations, talks and podcasts

  • The Diary Of A CEO (Steven Bartlett): Debate panel with Ed Zitron, Andrew McAfee, Nate Soares and Roman Yampolskiy. 17.09.2026. Full episode “The Great AI Debate: Is Artificial Intelligence an Extinction Threat?” (in the podcast feed “AI Debate Ed Zitron, Andrew McAfee, Nate Soares, Roman Yampolskiy”); used: excerpt “AI Expert WARNS: You're Not Ready For 2027”.
  • The Diary Of A CEO (Steven Bartlett): Conversation with Mo Gawdat. 03.10.2026.
  • The Diary Of A CEO (Steven Bartlett): “Godfather of AI: They Keep Silencing Me But I'm Trying to Warn Them!”. Conversation with Geoffrey Hinton. 16.06.2025.
  • The Diary Of A CEO (Steven Bartlett): Conversation with John Lennox, “Christian Apologist: The Truth About Christianity (And Why Atheism Is Fading)”. 04.06.2026.
  • The Diary Of A CEO (Steven Bartlett): “An AI Expert Warning: 6 People Are (Quietly) Deciding Humanity's Future!”. Conversation with Stuart Russell. 04.12.2025.
  • Espenlaub, Fritz et al.: Die OpenAI Story. Podcast in six episodes. Plotprodukt for Deutschlandfunk, 2026.
  • Habermas, Jürgen; Taylor, Charles: Conversation, moderated by Craig Calhoun. Symposium “Rethinking Secularism: The Power of Religion in the Public Sphere”, Great Hall of the Cooper Union, New York, 22.10.2009; organisers: Institute for Public Knowledge (New York University), Social Science Research Council, Humanities Institute (Stony Brook University). Printed in: Mendieta, Eduardo; VanAntwerpen, Jonathan (eds.): The Power of Religion in the Public Sphere. New York: Columbia University Press 2011.
  • Harari, Yuval Noah: “How to Survive the 21st Century”. Speech at the World Economic Forum, Davos, January 2020.
  • Keller, Timothy: Questioning Christianity. Lecture series in seven episodes (Faith and Proof, Meaning, Satisfaction, Identity, Morality, Justice, Hope), Redeemer, New York, 07.03. to 18.04.2019; as a podcast on Gospel in Life.
  • Musk, Elon: Conversation at the MIT AeroAstro Centennial Symposium, 24.10.2014.
  • Sundaram, Enoch S.: Talks, interpreted: “Wie geht Sinneserneuerung?”, “Wie denkt man wie Jesus?” and “Wie kann Jesus im Herzenstempel wohnen?”, hoffnung-weltweit-Campmeeting, Waldpark Grünheide, Auerbach (Vogtland), 11 to 17 August 2025, YouTube channel “hoffnung weltweit”; “Gottes Ebenbild verstehen”, YouTube channel “bibelstream - Motivation für den Tag”, uploaded around 2016 (shown as “10 years ago”, as of October 2026). Conversation with Rajat Chauhan: “Enoch | Dr. Rajat Chahan | Miles Of Meaning”, podcast “Miles of Meaning”, YouTube channel @Miles.of.Meaning, 2026 (shown as “7 months ago”, as of October 2026).