Glossary and selected word origins

Simply put: How different elements of cooperation influence one another. Meaning here: Considering people, orientation, means, responsibility, commitment and correction together. The expression is the author's own organising metaphor, not proof of identical organisational forms. A friendship does not have the same powers as a company. See A7 and B10.9.

Simply put: Experiencing one's actions as something one personally endorses. In the context of motivation, this does not mean acting without other people or obligations. A jointly agreed task can be undertaken autonomously. Self-determination must be distinguished from deciding alone. Basis: Gagné and Deci (2005), B5.2 and B5.8.

Simply put: Change names an alteration; change management supports its human aspects. A new rule and its actual adoption are not the same thing. Neither term denotes a moral hierarchy. Their working definitions and limitations are set out in B2.1-B2.2.

Simply put: Attachment to an undertaking or an obligation. This may rest on one's own desire, a sense of duty or a lack of alternatives. Visible participation alone does not reveal which reason applies. For the essay, personally endorsed commitment that is evident in practice matters particularly. Sources and distinctions: B5.2-B5.4.

Simply put: Meeting applicable obligations and rules. Meaning here: Actual conduct in accordance with rules and the organisational support for it. The English expression is not synonymous with religion, nor does it encompass all business leadership. Following a rule does not yet answer every question about its purpose or consequences. Evidence: Dudenredaktion (n.d.-a); International Organization for Standardization (2021b); B7.6.

Simply put: Empirical statements concern what can be observed; experience arises from situations lived through and the way they are processed. Meaning here: The author's practical observations underpin the essay but are not presented as a standardised survey. They help to develop questions and interpretations. Frequency, causation and general validity require additional appropriate evidence. See B1 and author's position.

Simply put: Etymology examines the origins and development of words. Present-day meaning does not follow solely from the original form. Meaning here: An etymology aids understanding, but replaces neither the textual context nor the explicitly chosen working definition. A comparison with business leadership is an additional interpretation in each case. See B7.1 and B7.6.

Simply put: How leadership, responsibility, decisions and oversight are organised. Meaning here: Who has a say in purpose and limits, may make decisions, is accountable and enables corrections. Word origin: The English word governance denotes direction or leadership; this does not make it equivalent to obedience. Evidence: Dudenredaktion (n.d.-b); International Organization for Standardization (2021a). See B7.6.

Simply put: An idea, often taken for granted, on which action is based. For example: «It is only responsible if I approve everything.» Meaning here: Not every opinion, but an identifiable guiding assumption in decisions. It may be useful or may stand in the way of responding to a new situation. Examining it does not automatically mean rejecting it. See B4 and B9.

Simply put: The Greek hamartia can denote a failing; the related verb hamartanō includes the meaning of missing a target. Hamartanein is the infinitive. Meaning here: The image of missing the target helps the organisational comparison, without covering all biblical meanings of wrongdoing and guilt. It is not an etymological derivation of the German word Sünde. Evidence: Mounce (n.d.-a, n.d.-b); A9 and B7.5.

Simply put: An orientation initially coming from outside is personally adopted to varying degrees. Not every form of adoption is already self-determined: it may still be sustained by internal pressure. A more fully integrated orientation can guide action even without constant monitoring. Not intended: That every task must be enjoyable, or that agreement may be coerced. Basis: Gagné and Deci (2005) and Center for Self-Determination Theory (n.d.). See B5.2.

Simply put: Intrinsic motivation arises from interest or enjoyment in the activity itself. Something arduous can also be autonomously adopted if its purpose is personally convincing. Word origin: The German intrinsisch derives, via English and French forms, from the Latin intrinsecus. The linguistic idea of «from within» is broader than the precise psychological distinction. Evidence: Dudenredaktion (n.d.-c); Gagné and Deci (2005). See B5.8.

Simply put: A Greek expression for a change of mind or a turning around. Meaning here: An interlocutor for thinking about fundamental reorientation. Its Christian use cannot be reduced to a change of strategy. Meaning is explained through usage, rather than constructed solely from supposedly unambiguous word components. Evidence: Mounce (n.d.-c) and the documented state of the lexicographical evidence in B7.1-B7.2.

Simply put: The descriptive question is: what is the case? The normative question is: what ought to apply, or what is responsible? Meaning here: A new practice may genuinely exist and still be bad. The essay takes an ethical position; the foundation examines change and consequences separately from it. This does not devalue practical observation. See B1 and B9.1.

Simply put: Organisation can denote the ordering of joint action or an established association. Word origin: The German word was borrowed from the French organisation. Meaning here: Formal companies and other relationships face comparable questions of organisation, but are not all the same kind of organisation. Relationships are not reduced to performance. Evidence: Dudenredaktion (n.d.-d); A7 and B10.9.

Word origin: Via the French radical and Late Latin radicalis, there is a connection to the Latin radix, root. Meaning here: Addressing the underlying assumptions of leadership, not changing as harshly or quickly as possible. In the essay, Radical Change additionally denotes a responsible ethical direction. The word's root does not prove this value judgement. Evidence: Dudenredaktion (n.d.-e); A2 and B9.1.

Simply put: How reliably a particular activity works against stated criteria. Meaning here: In the Go-to-Market steering model, an assessment of individual phases. Not a judgement on a person's worth or a company's moral goodness. Not every organisation needs to become larger or scalable. See A8 and B10.6.

Word origin: Latin religio; its precise origin remains unclear. Religare denotes binding or binding back and belongs to a Christian interpretative tradition. In Cicero, relegere refers to carefully going through something again or attending to it. Meaning here: The religious background remains explicit; the bridge to leadership is consciously lived commitment, not a translation of religion as compliance. Evidence: Cicero (1933, II.72); Lactantius (1886, IV.28); Dudenredaktion (n.d.-f).

Simply put: The capacity to withstand strain on the one hand, and vulnerability or susceptibility to disruption on the other. Word origin: Resilienz is related to the Latin resilire, to spring back. Meaning here: The ability of the context under consideration to deal with strain and remain capable of acting. This is neither rigidity nor a promise of invulnerability. Its application to organisations is a working definition, not an effect deduced from the word's root. Evidence: Dudenredaktion (n.d.-g); B5.8.

Simply put: Available means and possibilities, such as time, abilities, knowledge, spaces and money. Meaning here: Prerequisites for joint action. People have abilities, but must not be reduced to interchangeable means. Good intentions cannot compensate for missing capacity without limit. See B3.5, B5.3 and B10.9.

Simply put: Recognising deviations, discussing them and responding on reasoned grounds. Meaning here: Not merely permitting criticism, but enabling actual decisions and change. Sometimes means are improved; sometimes the goal or previous underlying assumption needs examination. The analogy with Covey's flight image is retained. See A7, B6.7 and B10.7.

Simply put: Situations of Rapid Change. In the Rafferty source used here, the dynamics of change exceed adaptive capacity and are accompanied by economic deterioration. Not intended: Every hectic working day, or a higher stage of development preceding Radical Change. The definition, source status and evidential limitations are set out in B3; the unresolved reconciliation of figures remains in SRC evidence limitations.

Simply put: A recurring pattern in how something is connected or done. Meaning here: Not only an organisation chart, but also decision rights, agreements, information channels, habits and relationships. Structures can help or hinder. Their effects are not deduced solely from their formal description. See B4, B6 and B10.9.

Linguistic note: The German word is attested through older German forms; Duden regards its further origin as unclear. It is not derived from hamartia. Religious, figurative and humorous usage must be distinguished. Meaning here: In the organisational analogy, the failure to reach the stated goal is examined without religious condemnation. In explicitly theological passages, the religious meaning remains explicit. Evidence: Dudenredaktion (n.d.-h); A9 and B7.5.

Word origin: Telos comes from Greek; the German technical term means goal or ultimate purpose. Meaning here: Purpose describes what something is for. A goal makes a desired state more concrete. An indicator can provide clues, but is neither the purpose itself nor ethical proof of it. Evidence: Dudenredaktion (n.d.-i). See A4, B5.1 and B7.5.

Working definition: Cooperation can fulfil its responsible purposes under actual conditions and deal with strain without persistently overburdening those involved or turning them into mere means. Economic viability is part of this for companies. In the essay, the term also encompasses relationships, responsibility and the ability to learn. It is neither a ready-made measurement nor an obligation to survive at any price. See A10 and B5.8.

Simply put: A fundamental change in the previous way of functioning. Meaning here: More than a new tool, but not automatically ethically better. It may concern culture, the business model and responsibility. Change management remains a supporting discipline, not an inferior stage to be overcome. Working definition and research context: B2.3.

Simply put: Promises, justified rules and responsibility are taken seriously. Meaning here: A personally or institutionally sustained commitment that enables reliable action. It must be distinguished from blind obedience and coerced unity. Criticism, protective limits and regulated change are part of responsible commitment. See A9, B6 and B7.6.